Nitrates are the final product of the biological cycle that processes fish waste. It is relatively harmless (compared to the earlier stages, ammonia and nitrite), but should be kept under 40ppm in the long term. You'll want to test for it fairly regularly, at least until you can predict how fast it will accumulate. It can be managed by:
- Keeping fewer fish and/or a bigger tank
- Larger or more frequent water changes
- Feeding less / preventing uneaten food from sitting around
- Nitrate "absorber" products that can be used in filters (temporary, as these will load up and lose effectiveness, but can usually be cleaned and used again)
- Live aquarium plants (something I'm trying with mixed success. Keeping plants is a whole different balancing act in an aquarium)
- Anaerobic denitrification filters (commercial products very expensive, home built versions tend to be iffy. Mine didn't work.)