Interesting! Do you have to separate the queens? Or maybe the very red 1 to get more redder 1s?
Those wings on the camponotus look too small to actually allow for flight. Can they fly?
Depends on species. Some species are polygynous, meaning have more than 1 queen. And then others are strictly monogynous. It gets a little more complicated in that some queens are only primary polygynous, meaning they'll only have more than 1 queen if they START that way--they won't accept a new queen later. And then there are others who don't care and may accept new queens no problem.
Camponotus are not poly, they do not tolerate others. It's very unusual. Camponotus are the giant carpenter ants.
Temnothorax species are usually poly and will accept queens later, and it's part of their evolution since their queens don't live very long. Many times a queen will pass away during hibernation, leaving workers and brood alone. The workers in these ants are then able to lay eggs that develop into male ants which leftover queen brood from the queen that died will breed with these males and the colony lives on.
And then theres species that will tolerate other queens at first when starting a colony, but as workers begin to hatch the workers tend to kill off all but 1 queen. This would be the case with species such as crematogaster or tetramorium.
The red morph Temnothorax will remain red until that queen passes away. Since workers are all female as well and do not technically breed. In most cases, the colony only lives as long as the queen does.
Color morph in single species of ants has more to do with latitude than anything. Further north populations tend to be darker.
I live in Southern Canada, so we get some funky intergrades.
As for the flying, queens can indeed fly. They look a lot like wasps (ants are related to wasps) and can fly quite far and high. The wings are a one time use thing though.
Only queens and males have wings, and when weather conditions are right for that species during certain times of the year, they leave their birth nest, fly to find a mate, breed, and then come back to the ground to start looking for a new place to make their own nest. They either remove their own wings as soon as they land or shortly afterwards. The wings get in the way in cramped nests, and they no longer have a purpose so they remove them.
This is the time people like me go looking for them, because you can then capture them and raise them in captivity.
Example for my area, between late may into July when night time temperatures reach 20C/70F by 10pm, especially after a good rainfall the day before, Camponotus will fly between 7pm to 12am. It gets specific for some species, and some species only come to blacklight lures.