shubunkin and comet goldfish cannot grow to over 20 inches, from what I have researched and heard from breeders. In any body of water, period.
i made a distinction between tank and pond because pond fish exhibit many differences from aquarium-kept fish that we can't completely explain, including color, brightness of color, fin length, growth speed, etc, that could be related to exposure to sunlight, bacteria, a number of factors. i simply meant it's more common to see larger pond goldfish than aquarium goldfish. the largest aquarium goldfish i can find or have heard evidence of are 18 inches, and the largest pond goldfish are 19-20 inches. it may be possible for a goldfish to grow to the same size in an aquarium as a pond. i wasn't suggesting different, only describing what my research points to.